Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are natural hormones which have a key role in normal development and growth. The family comprises of insulin and two similar factors called the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin like growth factor-2 (IGF-2). Insulin like growth factor-1 is also referred as somatomedin C and is expressed by the gene IGF 1. The insulin growth factors are responsible for regular functioning and interaction of cell surface receptors. IGF-1 is primarily involved in the cellular responses.

 

Insulin-like growth factor-1 circulates in the plasma at high concentrations and exists as protein-bound form. The system has got huge interest in the last decade due to its important role in cancer. Many strategies have been used for targeting the cancer tumours. Commonly used treatment method includes the used of engineered antibodies or its fragments.

 

People with the Laron Syndrome have lower risk of cancer development. Insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways are now being explored with the focus on blocking the IGF-1 receptor. This will directly have effect on the downstream effectors. The method would also have potential side-effects due to insulin pathway interference. Targeting these signalling pathways can help in inhibition of tumour growth. IGF-1 is also a potent mitogen, which has importance in mammary gland. There is a strong known association between IGF-1 levels and Breast cancer. In an Italian cohort study, the serum IGF-1 levels were checked and were positively associated with high risk of breast cancer gene mutation carriers.

 

Thus, IGF-1 system can be a promising target as a therapeutic option for patients with cancer.