Leptospirosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Leptospira. The shape of the bacteria is corkscrew type. The infection includes minor signs and symptoms of fever, muscle pain, and headaches to severe symptoms like meningitis and lung bleeding. The colouration of the person sometimes infected with leptospirosis turns yellow and is known as Weil’s disease.

 

Around 13 genetic types of Leptospira are known to cause this disease in humans. The transmission of the causative agent is through domestic and wild animals. Seven to ten million people are estimated to be infected by leptospirosis in a year. The prevalence of the disease is common in tropical areas.

 

A recent review conducted by Dr. Professor Albert Ko and his colleagues shows morbidity and mortality studies. The global burden of the disease has been estimated to be more then expected. The bacteria shed in the urine of animals survive in soil and water, which infects humans through skin abrasions.

 

The study reveals that leptospirosis is the leading zoonotic cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. The study also provides various international and national decision makers with evidence on investing in disease prevention. The new methods include new vaccine developments, targeting to social and environmental conditions and transmission prevention.

 

The disease results in severe illness and primary cause of pulmonary haemorrhage and renal failure in developing countries. The researchers felt that the latest results shows it is important to understand the need for prevention and not underestimate the problem.