Nomenclature of Chemerin

Chemerin (Chemerin): refers to the migration of white blood cells to the site of infection to some of the low molecular weight Chemerin (mostly 8-10KD) proteins (such as IL-8, MCP-1, etc.), has important inflammatory response effect. The major role of Chemerin is the migration of chemotactic cells, which migrate to chemokine sources along the signal of increased chemokine concentration. Common structural features of the chemokine proteins include a small molecular weight (about 8-10 kilodaltons) with four conserved cysteine residues to ensure its tertiary structure. Chemerin exist in all vertebrates and some viruses and some bacteria, but not in other invertebrates. These proteins bind to chemokine receptors, and the chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled transmembrane receptors, which are selectively expressed on the surface of the target cell.

Introduction of Chemerin

The human chemokine-like factor super family (CKLFSF) is a new human gene family reported by Peking University Human Genes Research Center for the first time in the world. In humans, the family comprises nine genes, CKLF (Chemokine-like Factor) and CKLFSF1-8 (Chemokine-like Factor Super Family member 1-8, member of the chemokine-like factor superfamily 1 -8). In 2005, according to the structural characteristics of this superfamily member, the International Human Genome Nomenclature Committee recommended that CKLFSF1-8 be named CMTM1-8 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing), which has a special structure, And play an important role in immune, reproductive and hematopoietic systems, and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors. It is of great theoretical significance and potential application value to study its structure and function deeply.

The body in the defense and removal of pathogens and other foreign invasion, there is a function of leukocyte convergence, there are some substances can cause this function is called chemotactic or Chemerin, IL-8 is also a chemokine.

Also known as chemotactic hormones, Chemerin or chemical hormones. Is a small molecule cytokine family protein. Common structural features of chemokine proteins include a small molecular weight (about 8-10 kilodaltons) with four conserved cysteine residues to ensure its tertiary structure. These small proteins because of its directional cell chemotaxis named. Of course, some of these Chemerin have historically been followed by other names, including the known SIS cytokine family, the SIG cytokine family, the SYC cytokine family, and the platelet factor-4 family. Some Chemerin are thought to promote the inflammatory response, while others are believed to control cell migration during normal repair processes or development. Chemerin exist in all vertebrates and some viruses and some bacteria, but not in other invertebrates. These proteins bind to chemokine receptors, and the chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled Transmembrane receptors, which are selectively expressed on the surface of the target cell.

Feature

In July 2001, Dr. Han Wenling et al. First reported using IL-10 as an inhibitor of broad-spectrum cytokine synthesis inhibition in Biochem J in the UK, cloning IL-10-suppressed cDNA in U937 cells by SSH technique. Cytokine CKLF1 (Chemokine-like Factor 1, formerly known as UCK-1, U937 derived chemokine-1). CKLF1 has two consecutive cysteine-specific structures that are low-level homologous to the CC family of Chemerin CCL17 / TARC and CCL22 / STCP-1 located on chromosome 16 and share a functional chemokine receptor CCR4 . CKLF1 has chemotactic effect, bone marrow cell colony formation and skeletal muscle cell proliferation promoting effect. The expression of CKLF1 was up-regulated in the lung tissue of asthmatic patients and SARS patients. The expression of CKLF1 in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes was up-regulated. Therefore, CKLF1 is involved in the activation of immune cells and the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. FITC-labeled anti-CKLF1 monoclonal antibody may be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of SLE and other autoimmune diseases. The anti-CKLF1 gene engineering with neutralization activity Antibodies have potential applications in the treatment of these diseases.

There are three CKLF2 genes in the CKLF gene, which have the potential of four transmembrane structures, and have a dual promotion effect on the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast C2C12 cells. Based on the nucleic acid and protein sequences of CKLF2, CKLFSF1-8, CKLF and CKLFSF1-4 were cloned to form a gene cluster on chromosome 16 using bioinformatics and RT-PCR techniques. CKLFSF6-8 was cloned into chromosome 3 Gene cluster, and their protein products have sequence homology and potential four-fold transmembrane structure. In June 2003, Han Wenling, Ding Peiguo in the United States Genomics Journal reported the results.

Based on the nucleic acid and protein sequences of CKLF2, CMTM1-8, CKLF and CMTM1-4 were cloned into a gene cluster on chromosome 16 using bioinformatics and RT-PCR, and CMTM6- 8 on chromosome 3 in the form of gene clusters in the form of their protein products with sequence homology and the potential of the four transmembrane structure. In June 2003, Han Wenling, Ding Peiguo in the United States Genomics Journal reported the results.

CKLF, CMTM1 and CMTM2. The promoter of the downstream gene was located at the last intron and intron-exon junction of the upstream gene, suggesting that they may originate from the same gene Ancestral gene. CMTM1 had the highest abundance in testis, and there were 23 clones. The partial splicing products had two characteristic structures of continuous cysteine, which were lower than those of CCL17 / TARC and CCL22 / STCP-1 Level homology. CMTM2 is highly expressed in the testis, bone marrow and leukocytes, and the preliminary experiments show that it has chemotactic function and hematopoietic promoting activity. The expression of CMTM5 was down-regulated in prostate cancer. The expression of CMTM5 was negatively correlated with the degree of malignancy. Proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells were significantly inhibited by CMTM5 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer gene therapy has potential significance.

CKLF superfamily structure is unique, belong to the first international discovery of a new gene family.

The role of Chemerin

The major role of Chemerin is the migration of chemotactic cells, which migrate to chemokine sources along the signal of increased chemokine concentration. Some Chemerin control the chemotaxis of immune cells during immune surveillance, such as inducing lymphocytes to lymph nodes. Chemerin in these lymph nodes monitor the invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells in these tissues. These are known as steady-state Chemerin, which produce secretion without stimulation. Some Chemerin play a role in development; they stimulate new blood vessel formation; provide specific key signals that contribute to cell maturation. Other Chemerin may be released in response to bacterial infection, viral infection by a variety of cells, or by non-infectious stimuli such as inhalation of silica, urinary calculi, and the like. The release of Chemerin also stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), the major role of inflammatory Chemerin in chemotactic leukocytes (eg, monocytes and neutrophils) Infection or tissue injury site. Some Chemerin can also promote wound healing.

in chemotactic leukocytes (eg, monocytes and neutrophils) Infection or tissue injury site. Some Chemerin can also promote wound healing.