Basic information on cancer

Malignant cancer is what people call cancer, it is more than 100 kinds of related diseases collectively. When cells in the body mutate, it will continue to split, from the body control, and finally the formation of cancer. All organs in the body are composed of cells. Cell growth and differentiation to meet the needs of the body, this orderly process can maintain people's health. However, if the cells continue to divide, these extra large numbers of cells form tumors. Malignant tumor cells can invade, destruction of adjacent tissues and organs. Moreover, cancer cells can be pierced from the tumor, into the blood or lymphatic system, which is how the cancer from the primary site to other organs to form a new tumor, this process is called cancer metastasis, the majority of cancer is based on their initial organs or cell type.

Symptoms and signs

Early manifestations of cancer: regular physical examination, do not wait for the problem is a good way to early detection of tumors. But you should also be aware of a number of cancer-related symptoms: changes in bowel habits, long-term nonunion of the wounds, painless, hard lumps, dyspepsia or dysphagia in the breast or other parts of the body, markedly altered warts or moles , Or irritating coughing or hoarseness. These symptoms are not necessarily signs of cancer, they may also be caused by other common diseases. But importantly, if you have any of these symptoms, do not wait until you feel the pain and then go to the doctor, early cancer is usually not painful.

(1) unexplained weight loss, weakness, epigastric irregular pain, loss of appetite, especially anorexia meat.

(2) non-pregnant and breastfeeding women, there are nipple water or can squeeze juice.

(3) any part of the body such as breast, neck or abdomen appear gradually increased mass.

(4) dry cough, bloody sputum, chest tightness, chest pain, long treatment.

(5) middle-aged women over the vagina after sexual intercourse a small amount of bleeding, or usually irregular vaginal bleeding, or menstruation after a few years after menopause, leucorrhea increased significantly.

(6) is not accompanied by abdominal pain, jaundice and epigastric mass gradually deepened.

(7) rapid enlargement of the liver, accompanied by liver pain.

(8) unexplained painless hematuria.

(9) long-term skin ulceration can not heal.

(10) a sudden increase in mole, accompanied by burning itching, ulceration, bleeding pain or hair loss on the mole.

(11) recurrent fever and intractable tooth bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and progressive anemia.

(12) recurring unexplained high fever.

(13) oral mucosa, or female vulva or male penis glans appear white spots, and rapid expansion and burning itch discomfort.

(14) progressive lower limb weakness, paresthesia, dysmotility or sometimes accompanied by urinary incontinence.

(15) no significant external force caused by the femur and humerus and other large bone fractures.

(16) eating swallowing sternum after a foreign body infestation, tingling or conscious food through the slow.

(17) nasal obstruction, often a small amount of nasal bleeding or nasal discharge often with bloodshot eyes, accompanied by migraine headache, dizziness, tinnitus and upper and lower lobe of the upper part of the upper and lower ear touching the lymph nodes.

(18) changes in bowel habits, or diarrhea and constipation often alternating, or stool often with pus and blood, or stool thinning become flat.

(19) Increasing headache, with sudden onset of transient visual impairment and vomiting.

(20) young elbow or knee pain, swelling, with anti-rheumatic drugs or antibiotics such as ineffective treatment.

Treatment method

Gene - virus treatment: normal cells and tumor cells there are differences in the expression of certain genes, making certain viruses in normal cells to copy the necessary genes in the tumor cells are not required. Therefore, the removal of these genes is expected to make it in the tumor cell specific replication, but in normal cells can not be replicated. To adenovirus (AdV), for example, p53 is the host cell anti-adenovirus main protein, the normal cells by adenovirus infection immediately after activation of p53, leading to apoptosis, the virus replication termination.

However, in most cases, normal cells infected with adenovirus did not immediately after apoptosis, mainly due to the presence of wild-type adenovirus can inhibit the activation of p53 protein, the E1b55Kda protein, so the wild-type adenovirus can also In normal intracellular replication. When the adenovirus deletion of E1b55Kda protein, it infected normal cells, it can not inhibit the activation of p53, and p53 is activated, it will make the cells quickly apoptosis, adenovirus no longer proliferation, so that infection is terminated.

However, in tumor cells, p53 has mutated or inactivated, so the virus infection, no p53 can be activated, the tumor cells will not apoptosis, so the lack of E1b 55Kda adenovirus in tumor cells in large numbers, the final tumor cells Is split to death, and the release of new viruses to infect other tumor cells to eliminate swollen respiratory tract Enterovirus (Reovirus) on human infection is limited to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, usually asymptomatic. The viral transcription of the early viral gene can activate double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), which inhibits the transcription of other genes of the virus, so that the virus can not effectively replicate, and when the Ras cells in the activated state The kinase can be inhibited, thereby allowing the virus to proliferate and replicate. The Ras gene is an oncogene that can become cancerous when it is activated abnormally. Canada Calgary University Lee and other applications of the virus treatment of Ras overexpression of human glioma SCID mouse model, can make 65% to 80% of mouse tumors significantly reduced or dissipated. In vitro assays have the same effect on other tumors with high Ras expression, such as breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers.