The origin of pseudorabies

Pseudorabies is an infectious disease caused by the pseudorabies virus. First discovered in the United States, and later by the Hungarian scientists first isolated virus.

In the mid-20th century, PR was more prevalent in Eastern Europe and the Balkan countries. Before the 1960s, the pigs were infected with mild symptoms and did not cause significant economic losses in the pig industry. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, due to the emergence of virulent strains, the number of outbreaks of Pr in pig farms increased significantly, and pigs of all ages could be infected, and their symptoms were aggravated. This change not only exists in the United States, in Western European countries such as Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Ireland and other countries also exist. A few years later, the disease has been introduced to New Zealand, Japan, China's Taiwan and South America, some countries and regions. Pseudorabies is a viral disease that occurs in pigs and is endemic in most parts of the world. Pseudorabies is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as Aujeszky's disease, which occurs in cattle and is called "mad itch". Pseudorabies is thought to be the most economically affected swine virus in areas where CSF purification is complete. Other livestock and wild mammals, including cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs and raccoons, are susceptible animals. The disease is usually fatal in these hosts.

Porcine pseudorabies have genetically engineered seedlings that can be used for control purposes. Pseudorabies virus is widely used as a model for the basic process of lysis of herpesvirus and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of pro-neuropathy of herpesviridae.

Although pseudo-rabies (pseudorabies) is intended to be pseudorabies or rabies-like, pseudorabies is not associated with rabies but is herpesvirus.

The spread of pseudorabies

Pseudorabies is highly contagious. In most cases, the disease is spread by nose-to-nose contact. Because pseudorabies is present in the nasal cavity and the oral cavity in large numbers, nasal and nasal contact is the most common type of transmission.

Susceptible species

In the United States, viruses are usually contacted and transmitted by wild boars (Sus scrofa). Piglets had the highest mortality. Pregnant sows often have a miscarriage after infection. Another healthy adult boar is usually a potential carrier, they will carry and spread the virus and will not show symptoms or suddenly can not be used.

Pigs (including domestic pigs and wild boar) are usually the reservoir of the virus host. Although the virus also infects other species, it usually has a high mortality rate. Pseudorabies have also been reported in other mammals, including the American black bear, the Florida leopard, the raccoon, the coyote, and the white-tailed deer. In most cases are or suspected of contact with pigs or pig products. Europe in domesticated fur animals (mink or fox) outbreaks of disease and keeping sick pigs made of products related. Some other species can be tested for infection. Humans are not potential hosts.

Dog detection

Dog Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is one of the leading causes of dog death, ranging from 3 months to 3 years old dogs and more than 10 years old dogs, especially those who occur in purebred dogs and other quantities and variety but kept together Of domesticated dogs. The dog coronavirus FICV (Feline enteric Coronavirus) is a highly contagious virus and preference occurs in the quantity and variety and keeping together the domestic dog. FeCV poses a great risk to dogs, and FeCV positivity is often considered a prelude to FIP. To control the dog FIP the most fundamental way is to do a good job of prevention and control of FeCV. FeCV is one of the broadest coronaviruses of the dog, Feline Coronavirus (FCoV). The presence of FeCV antibodies indicates only the presence of FeCV virus and / or the possibility of infection with FIP. The positive results for FeCV antibodies do not necessarily indicate that the dog has acquired the FeCV virus and / or infected with FIP and should be judged in conjunction with other clinical symptoms. But negative results may indicate that there is no FeCV virus and / or infection with FIP.

Clinical symptoms

The clinical symptoms and disease duration of pigs vary greatly with age. Piglets are most sensitive, 15 days of age within the piglet is often the most acute type, duration of not more than 72h, mortality rate of 100%, mainly for body temperature, diarrhea, trembling, incoordination, salivation, neck muscle stiffness, Limbs, water-like movement, and finally coma death. Fattening pigs are accompanied by the majority of body temperature, difficulty breathing, generally does not occur death, resistance to long after the emergence of latent infection with poison or detoxification. Adult pigs often do not show visible clinical symptoms or only a slight increase in body temperature, generally does not occur death. Sow early pregnancy, can occur 20 days after infection abortion, in late pregnancy, often occurs still maternal and fetal death or maternal, or weak fetus and stillbirth.

Prevention and treatment

There is no effective treatment of PR drugs. In addition to the conventional PRV control isolation, disinfection, control of mobility, vaccination is an important measure to prevent the prevalence of PR. Lens reported the use of DNA recombinant technology developed low toxicity of PR vaccine for field immunization, safe and effective, the application of the vaccine inoculated pigs re-occurrence of infection alone. At present, the main application of inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine to prevent PR, has a good immune effect. Inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine can only reduce the incidence of inoculation and mortality of pigs, but can not stop the pig poisoning detoxification. PR once the introduction of pig farms on the very difficult to eradicate, in the PR had occurred on the farm, stop using the vaccine will cause the disease. Therefore, the vaccination in the epidemic area, the pest free areas should strengthen the introduction of pig quarantine, isolation feeding, do a good job sanitation health, so as to control the occurrence and spread of the disease.