The concept of parvovirus

Parvovirus is an unencapsulated, single-stranded, DNA virus. Can be infected by a small antigenic transfer and natural mutation canine.

Canine parvovirus disease is caused by the canine parvovirus infection caused by an acute infectious disease. There are two clinical phenotypes, hemorrhagic enteritis-type with severe vomiting, hemorrhagic enteritis and white blood cells significantly reduced as the main feature; myocarditis type is characterized by sudden death. Regardless of the type of clinical manifestations, are characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and high infectivity.

The discovery of parvovirus

In 1977, American scholar Eugster and Nairn first isolated the virus from canine feces with hemorrhagic enteritis, and then, Canada, Australia, France, Japan and other countries have reported the disease. In 1982, China's Liang Shizhe first reported similar CPV-induced canine hemorrhagic colitis; in 1983, Xu Hankun formal confirmation of the epidemic. Canine parvovirus found only 30 years, but the virus on the serious harm to the dog infection, the world's biological characteristics of the virus and its prevention and control of a large number of research work

Parvovirus (Parvovirus), the virus particles without capsule, CPV strong resistance to the outside world, alcohol, ether, chloroform resistance, the temperature is also a certain tolerance. 65 ℃, 30 seconds without losing its infectivity, low temperature long-term storage of its infectivity and no significant effect. Survived at 4 ° C to 10 ° C for 6 months, survived at 37 ° C for 2 weeks, survived at 56 ° C for 24 hours, survived at 80 ° C for 15 seconds, and maintained for 3 months at room temperature only slightly decreased infectivity, To several years. The most effective disinfectants for CPV are formalin, β-propiolactone, sodium hypochlorite, oxidants and so on. In addition, UV can also be inactivated. If the toxic waste and intestinal refrigeration in the low-temperature environment, the infectivity can be maintained for a long time. Canine parvovirus epidemic no obvious seasonal, disease can occur throughout the year, but more common in winter and spring. Dogs with the virus is the main source of infection, sick dog vomit, feces, urine contains a large number of viruses. There are direct and indirect transmission of the two, the former is the health of non-immune dogs and dogs in direct contact with the infected dog, which is immune to the health of dogs ingestion of contaminated water, feed and other infections. The disease mainly against infants within six months of age, especially within three months of puppies, once the infection of the disease more than 50% of gastroenteritis and myocarditis mixed type, the mortality rate as high as 80% or more, sometimes the infection rate can be as high as 100%.

Clinical manifestations of parvovirus

Canine parvovirus in 3-14 days after the onset of disease, the average onset time of 5-7 days. Clinical symptoms include: loss of appetite, depression, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, stool with a unique stench of canine parvovirus. Adult dogs (12 months or more dogs) incidence is very low, if not high purity dogs or inbreeding adult dogs generally do not appear obvious symptoms, only for the stool with a certain stench, loss of appetite, if No exacerbation without treatment.

Canine parvovirus infection in dogs, can be divided into enteritis-type and myocarditis type.

Enteritis-type: natural infection incubation period of 7 days to 14 days, early fever, body temperature up to 40 ℃ or more, the spirit of depression, do not eat, vomiting. The initial vomit is undigested food and white foam (acid), followed by mucilage and yellow-green liquid. Onset of diarrhea after one day. Early stool is thin paste or semi-shaped into a certain stench. As the disease progresses, the stool becomes dark green or yellow jelly-like. Then the stool was tomato sauce or brown color, taste stench, defecation times, there is tenesmus symptoms. Bleeding after the dog showed the eye subsidence, dry nose, general weakness, weight decreased significantly, accompanied by conjunctiva, oral mucosa pale, severe anemia symptoms, if not timely treatment of the disease can cause intestinal contents of toxic absorption poisoning, Until the shock, death. Occasionally dogs the following situations: feces transparent water-like material, which with bloodshot, with a stench, or stool for the white thin stool.

Myocarditis: more common in the 40-day-old puppies, dogs no obvious clinical symptoms, and some sudden difficulty in breathing, heart failure, a short time of death; some dog died of mild diarrhea. Canine parvovirus myocarditis caused by canine parvovirus attack the dog's cardiomyocytes, can damage the dog's cardiomyocytes in a short time. And then suffering from dogs suffering from asthma, oral mucosa and skin cyanosis, and sometimes sudden death is the only disease puppies suffering from the disease. Tolerated puppies due to the presence of permanent myocardial injury, infection in a few weeks or months can still die of the disease. More common in puppies, puppies and 10% chance of the same time the dog canine parvovirus attack intestinal epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes.

Prevention and treatment of parvovirus

First, usually should be vaccinated. Domestic dog six joint vaccine clinical immune protection is low, the proposed injection of imported dog two vaccines, puppies can be injected more than 45 days of health status, according to the different brands, need to inject a needle or two needles. Second, the vaccine for the canine parvovirus and canine distemper Vaccine, which is the most basic dog vaccine, in any case very important, the price is not high, so please the majority of dog owners injection. 7-15 days after vaccination for the immunization period, because the two vaccine is attenuated vaccine vaccine type, so at this time, the dog's immunity is very weak, do not give the dog a bath, do not go out, try to ventilation, to maintain Dogs live in a hygienic environment. This is the most important.

Second, when the dogs outbreak of the disease, should be promptly isolated, the kennel and feed, with 2% to 4% caustic soda, 1% formalin, 0.5% peracetic acid or 5% to 6% Repeated disinfection of sodium hypochlorite.

Third, appropriate medication, do not abuse of antibiotics and other drugs.