The concept of estrogen

Estrogen is a female hormone produced by the ovaries and placenta. The adrenal cortex also produces a small number of estrogens. Female children into puberty, the ovaries began to secrete estrogen to promote the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovarian development itself, while endometrial hyperplasia and menstruation. Estrogen can also promote subcutaneous fat enrichment, body full; breast hyperplasia, nipple, areola color becomes darker, and produce sexual desire; promote the body of sodium and water retention, bone calcium deposition.

A Brief Introduction to Estrogen

Estrogen mainly from follicular cells and follicular granulosa cells. In the process of follicular development, LH stimulates follicle endometrium to secrete testosterone, and then granulosa cells in FSH stimulation into estradiol, the "double cell double-sex hormone effect mode". In addition adrenal cortex, placenta and male testes are also secreted. Here estrogen is estradiol, ovarian failure, a sharp decline in estradiol caused by menopausal syndrome and other estradiol deficiency disease.

Follicle began to develop, only secrete a small amount of estrogen; to the first 7 days of follicle secretion of estrogen rapidly increased in the formation of ovulation before the peak, slightly reduced after ovulation. About 1 to 2 after ovulation, luteal estrogen secretion of estrogen began circulating blood estrogen gradually increased (Note: the role of luteinizing hormone). About 7 to 8 days after ovulation during luteal maturation, the formation of the second peak of estrogen in the blood circulation, this peak is lower than the first peak before ovulation.

Regardless of the source, all substances with the role of estrogen are known as estrogen. The estrogenic C18 steroid, of course, is not part of the metabolites (such as equilin, equilenin, etc.) and their substituents (e.g., ethyl estradiol, etc.), originally from Animals, but some of them exist in the coconut fruit and asphalt and other animals have nothing to do with some places.

In addition, as the substance of the estrogen, there is also a material which can be obtained by synthesis without steroid structure, such as diethylstilbestrol and hexestrol, benzestrol derivatives of stilbene derivatives, And a doisyno-lic acid-based substance which is ring-opened by oxidizing the D-ring of the estrone, or a homo-estrone of which the D-ring of the oestrogens becomes a hexamer. The reason why these structures are different and has the same effect is unclear. Estrogen identification methods are Allen-Doisy test and uterine weight method. The results obtained are not necessarily the same due to differences in test methods and administration of hormonal methods. (IU) as a result of the action (keratinization of the vaginal epithelium) caused by 0.1 [mu] g of pure estrone. While the preparation of p-benzoate, 0.1 μ g of benzoate from estradiol was used as the standard.

Pharmacological effects of estrogen

1, ovarian direct role, estrogen can stimulate follicular development; indirect effect, the level of estrogen blood levels can promote or inhibit the release of gonadotropin, which indirectly affect ovarian function.

2, oviduct estrogen can accelerate the speed of the egg in the fallopian tube.

3, uterine estrogen on the endometrium and smooth muscle metabolism has a significant role in promoting.

4, the appropriate amount of estrogen for the foam bubble bubble bed implantation necessary.

5, vaginal estrogen can promote vaginal epithelial basal cell hyperplasia, differentiation, maturation and keratinization and cause nuclear dense changes.

6, breast estrogen can not only stimulate the growth of human breast ducts, but also to promote the development of breast acinar and milk production.

7, protein metabolism Estrogen on the one hand can stimulate the adrenal cortex hormones and the role of growth hormone against the performance of the promotion of protein decomposition; the other hand, the liver there is protein assimilation, can stimulate a variety of plasma protein synthesis.

8, skeletal estrogen can promote the role of bone density, but can make early closure of bone scaling and ossification of bone length increases. Estrogen can be used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

9, cardiovascular estrogen can reduce vascular permeability, lower serum cholesterol.

Estrogen and progesterone

Female estrogen and progesterone in the body mainly by the ovary synthesis, secretion. At the same time, the ovary can secrete a small amount of androgen. Estrogen before ovulation is mainly secreted by the follicular endometrium, estrogen and progesterone after ovulation is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum cells, its function with the ovarian function of cyclical fluctuations. Ovary mainly estrogen and estrone two estrogen synthesis.

Normal ovarian hormone (estrogen and progesterone) secretion with the ovarian cycle changes.

1) estrogen: the follicle began to develop, estrogen secretion is very small, with the follicle gradually mature, estrogen secretion gradually increased, the formation of a peak before ovulation, ovulation secretion decreased slightly in about ovulation After 7 to 8 days when the corpus luteum mature, the formation of another peak, corpus luteum atrophy, the sharp decline in estrogen levels, reaching the lowest level before menstruation.

2) progesterone: progesterone secretion after ovulation began to increase in 7 to 8 days after ovulation when the corpus luteum mature, the secretion of the peak, then gradually decreased to menstrual cramps to restore to the pre-ovulation level.

Ovarian synthesis of estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) two estrogen, but in the blood circulation is still estriol (E3). Estradiol is the most bioactive estrogen in women. Estriol is estradiol and estrone degradation products, the weakest activity.

Progesterone is a major progestogen with biological activity secreted by the ovaries. Progesterone production in the pre-ovulation daily 2 ~ 3mg, mainly from the adrenal gland, after ovulation, increased to 20 ~ 30mg per day, the vast majority of ovarian luteal secretion.

Estrogen supplement

Female patients with low estrogen in their daily lives can be more appropriate to eat soybeans and soy products, soy foods rich in isoflavones, for estrogen has a good balance effect, can be an effective adjuvant therapy.

In addition to soybeans and soy products, most fruit and vegetable cereals contain trace amounts of phytoestrogens, although the content is not high, but in daily care can not be ignored, because they are also a major source of dietary nutrients.

Black rice, lentils, onions, apples, sunflower seeds, flaxseed, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, onions, wheat, peanut butter, pomegranate, apples and other foods are also very suitable for patients with low estrogen.