Pituitary presentation

Pituitary origin from the ectoderm of the original oral cavity top of the protrusion of the cranial cheek pouch and the third ventricle bottom of the brain between the development of the funnel vesicle combination of the two. Located in the center of the bottom of the brain, in the sphenoid bone (sella turcica), the top of the optic nerve through the sides of the sponge cavernous sinus (cavernous sinus) surrounded by its bottom for the sphenoid sinus (Sphenoid sinus) and nasopharynx (nasopharynx). The entire pituitary size of about 1.3x0.9x0.6 cm, weighing about 0.6 grams, can be divided into anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, which is about 80% of the anterior lobe, about 20% of the posterior lobe. Pituitary pouch formation of the bottom of the pituitary gland (craniopharyngeal tube), due to explicit bone closure, making the craniopharyngioma and the top of the mouth separated. Anterior pituitary pituitary pituitary anterior wall of the anterior part of the distal and nodular, posterior wall to form the middle. The funnel vesicles developed into the posterior pituitary, funnel handle, the median uplift. Therefore, the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary histological sources are different, the function of their respective division of labor is also different. Known as the human body, "the first endocrine glands."

Organ composition of pituitary

Pituitary is the most important endocrine glands of the human body, divided into anterior and posterior lobe two parts. It secrete a variety of hormones, such as growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropin, oxytocin, prolactin, black cell stimulating hormone, but also to store the secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the hypothalamus. These hormones have an important role in metabolism, growth, development and reproduction.

Pituitary function

Pituitary parts have their own tasks. The pituitary cells secrete seven kinds of hormones, which are growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone), adrenocorticotropic hormone and black cell stimulating hormone.

Neurohypophysis itself does not create hormones, but play a role in the warehouse. The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus produced by antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin through the hypothalamus and pituitary nerve fibers were sent to the nerve pituitary stored up when the body needs to be released into the blood.

The main functions of pituitary hormones are as follows:

Growth hormone: promote growth and development, promote protein synthesis and bone growth

Prolactin: to promote breast development and milk secretion

Thyroid stimulating thyroid gland hyperplasia, thyroid gland hyperplasia, increased number of thyroid stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and release

Gonadotropin: control gonads, promote gonadal growth and development, regulation of sex hormone synthesis and secretion.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone: control adrenal cortex, promote adrenal cortical hormone synthesis and release, and promote adrenal cortical cell hyperplasia

Follicle-stimulating hormone: Promote the production of sperm in men's testes, ovum production of women's eggs

Luteinizing hormone: to promote the production of testosterone male testosterone, female ovarian estrogen, progesterone, to help ovulation

Melanocyte stimulating hormone: control melanoma cells, promote melanin synthesis

Antidiuretic hormone: how much to manage renal urination, increased blood pressure (produced by the hypothalamus, stored in the pituitary)

Oxytocin: to promote uterine contraction, contribute to childbirth

Pituitary is the body's most important endocrine glands, is the use of hormones to regulate the balance of the total health of the switch, control a variety of metabolism, growth, development and reproduction have an important role in hormone secretion. In 40 years of age, the pituitary gland atrophy, rapid aging of the human body.

Pituitary disease will occur

Hypothalamic-pituitary diseases include:

1: diabetes insipidus

2: postpartum anterior pituitary hypofunction

3: galactorrhea and amenorrhea - galactorrhea syndrome

4: dwarfism (young growth hormone secretion is too small)

5: giant disease (excessive secretion of growth hormone in young)

6: acromegaly (adult secretion of growth hormone too much)

Pituitary is small, the occurrence of many diseases, the most common pituitary tumor. Most pituitary tumors are benign, according to tumor cells can produce hormones can be divided into functional pituitary tumors and non-functional pituitary tumors two categories. Functional pituitary tumors and tumor cells to produce different types of hormones are divided into growth hormone tumors, manifested as giant or acromegaly; prolactinoma; adrenal cortical hormone tumors, manifested as Cushing syndrome; and other rare Tumor. Functional pituitary tumor production of hormones much more than normal, there are symptoms of excessive hormones. Pituitary hormone deficiency is also a lot of diseases, such as pituitary Zhushu (growth hormone deficiency), hypogonadism (gonadotropin deficiency), and sometimes the function of the anterior pituitary are impaired, a variety of hormone secretion, such as postpartum hemorrhage Caused by Sheehan syndrome. Posterior pituitary hypoplasia of the disease are diabetes insipidus (antidiuretic hormone deficiency).

Pituitary hanging in the bottom of the brain, through the funnel stalk connected with the hypothalamus. Pituitary is very small, weighing less than 1g. Female pituitary slightly larger than men. Pituitary can be divided into two parts of the pituitary gland and pituitary.

The anterior pituitary gland in the anterior pituitary of the vast majority of endocrine function also play a major role. The glandular epithelial cells according to the reaction of different dyes can be divided into eosinophilic, basophilic and chromophobe three types of gland cells. Using modern immunofluorescence, histochemistry and other methods, combined with electron microscopy showed that the adenohypophysis consists of six kinds of gland cells. Eosinophils accounted for about 35% of the total number of adenohypophysis, and then divided into secreted auxin and prolactin cells. Basophils accounted for about 15% of the total, divided into the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropin (GTH) cells. The number of chromophobe cells, accounting for about 50% of the total number of pre-gland cells, this cell does not secrete hormones, but can gradually appear particles and become eosinophils or basophils after the secretion of hormones with the function. The nodule occupies only a small part of the pituitary gland. This part of the blood-rich, functional unknown. The middle part is located in the anterior pituitary and neurovascular pituitary between the thin layer of tissue, it can secrete melanin (hormone cell hormone) (MSH).