The basic introduction of granulocytes

White blood cells according to morphological differences can be divided into two categories of particles and non-particles. Granulocyte leukocytes (granulocytes) containing special staining particles, with Wright staining can distinguish three kinds of granulocyte leukocytes that neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils; non-granulocyte white blood cells including monocytes and lymphoid cell. Eosinophils with coarse eosinophilic granules, particles containing peroxidase and acid phosphatase. The vast majority of granulocytes are neutrophilic granulocytes.

Neutrophils have many small (0.2-0.4 microns) light red or light purple specific particles that are dispersed. The nucleus was rod-shaped or 2 to 5 leaf-like, leaves and leaves connected between the filaments. The particle surface of a layer of membrane wrapped, can be divided into 1 ~ 4 type, granules containing myeloperoxidase (myeloperoxidase), acid phosphatase, phagocytin (phagocytin), lysozyme, β glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase Wait. It plays an important role in the nonspecific cellular immune system of the blood - chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal action.

There are about 4,500 neutrophils per microliter of blood. It is in the body against microbial pathogens, especially in the first line of suppurative bacterial invasion, when the inflammation occurs, they are attracted to the chemotactic substances to the inflammatory site. Since they are energetic by glycolysis, they survive in the presence of swelling and poor blood flow in hypoxic conditions, where they form a cytotoxic cell membrane that destroys bacteria and nearby tissue.

Because neutrophils contain a large number of lysosomal enzymes, it can be phagocytic into the cells of bacteria and tissue fragments decomposition, so that the invasion of bacteria is surrounded by a local, and eliminate, to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms in the body. When neutrophils themselves disintegrate, the release of lysosomal enzymes can dissolve the surrounding tissue and the formation of abscess.

Because neutrophils stay in the blood vessels for an average of only 6-8 hours, they quickly penetrate the blood vessel wall into the organization to play a role, and into the tissue is no longer returned to the blood. About half of the neutrophils in the bloodstream circulate with the bloodstream, and the white blood cell counts are usually only reflected in this part of the neutrophil; the other half is attached to the small blood vessel wall. At the same time, still in the bone marrow in the reserve of about 2.5 × 1012 mature neutrophils, when the body needs to mobilize a large number of these granulocytes immediately into the circulating blood flow.

Granulocyte cell classification

Granulocyte - the cytoplasm of special staining particles, according to the different particles on the dye selectivity can be divided into:

Neutrophils: neutrophils (neutrophilic granulocyte), is the largest number of white blood cells, accounting for about 53% of all white blood cells, was round, pale red cytoplasm, containing a lot of purple particles (not easy to see clear). The nucleus with the degree of cell maturation and different, naive type was rod-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, mature lobulated, more common in the three leaves, aged 8-9 leaves or more.

Eosinophil (Latin name: Eosinophil): the cytoplasm containing large crimson particles, particles containing peroxidase and acid phosphatase. The shape of its nucleus and neutrophils similar, usually 2-3 leaves, accounting for about 4% of the total number of white blood cells.

Basophils: a small number, accounting for about 0.6%, the size of the same basic and eosinophilic granulosa cells. Cytoplasm contains large blue-purple particles, the nucleus is also lobulated.

Granulocyte drug effects

1. Increase in allergic reactions leading to increased eosinophils caused by drugs: Mildew (occasionally), phenytoin (occasionally), phenothiazine, chlorophenazine, imipramine, methyldopa, aminobenzene Iodine, iodine, iodine, amiodine, iodine, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfamethoxazole, dimethoxy penicillin sodium, carbenicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin, Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, rifampin, aminosalicylic acid, chlortetracycline, chlortetracycline, chlortetracycline, chlortetracycline, chlortetracycline, Penicillamine (with rash), fluoride, gold (temporary), to Yu Min. Isoniazid can cause allergic reactions. Allopurinol can cause severe allergic reactions. Pandhi yellow poisoning may have allergic reactions. Only 1% fell ill on the furan an allergic reaction. Etanomycin cause allergic cholestasis caused by eosinophils increased. Penicillin caused by allergic reactions to eosinophils increased to 20%, 1% of patients with cephalosporin II can be increased to 10%, ketamine can be increased to 35%, arsenic generally increased to 10% -20% of individual cases To 50%. Benzene dione only reported one case of an allergic reaction after 15 days of administration leading to an increase in eosinophils.

Application of streptomycin hematopoietic reaction in half of cases caused by increased eosinophils.

2. To reduce the direct effect of injection of epinephrine induced eosinophilia. Hydrocortisone and glucocorticoids through the direct effect of the adrenal gland caused by eosinophilia.

Cortisone and corticotropin for the normal physiological response, normal injection of corticotropin, the eosinophils can be reduced by 80% -90%.

Indomethacin and procaine amide can be a temporary reduction. Aspirin can cause aplastic anemia or pancytopenia, eosinophils also reduced. Eosinophil was reduced by 60% 2 hours after niacin and increased after 24 hours. With nicotinamide significantly reduced after 4 hours.

The pathological changes of granulocytes

Rise: Allergic (eosinophils up to 8% -29%), eczema], certain drug reactions (penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, opioid, etc.), allergic reactions (allergic reactions), allergic reactions (asthma, urticaria, bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, , Parasitic diseases, nodular periarteritis and Voisins syndrome, dermatological, hematologic malignancies and neoplastic disorders (sarcoidosis, Hodgkin & apos; s disease, primary polycythemia, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, Leukemia), radiation, benzene, early scarlet fever (eosinophils 8% -20%), hyperthyroidism, endocarditis and cardiomyopathy.

Hypothyroidism; diabetes mellitus with lactose, glucose, galactose or pentose in the urine; chronic sinusitis; influenza; nephrotic syndrome; acquired hemolytic anemia; coloring urticaria; Hodgkin's disease; tuberculosis; Mucous edema; stress (trauma, electric shock, fever); acute infection and light are easy to see basophils increased; chronic myeloid leukemia was significantly increased.

Decrease: Eosinophilia seen in typhoid fever, acute malaria, diabetic acidosis, adrenal hyperfunction, Surrenales and stress.

Increased eosinophils are generally associated with allergy (eg, asthma, urticaria) and parasitic infections. Some skin diseases such as eczema and blood diseases can also be caused, and infectious diseases are also related, in short, a simple eosinophils can not diagnose the disease.

Biological variation of granulocytes

1.     increased smoking, night law night, pregnancy, menstrual period.

2.     lower circadian law of the morning. Menopause, ovulation, luteal phase can be reduced by about 33%.