Brief Introduction of Aminotransferase

Aminotransferase is a catalytic amino acid and keto acid amino acid transfer between a class of enzymes. Ubiquitous in animals, plant tissues and microorganisms, heart, brain, liver, kidney and other animal tissues and the higher the content of mung bean sprouts. Aminotransferases are involved in the decomposition and synthesis of amino acids. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of α-amino acids from one amino acid to the keto group of another α-keto acid to form the corresponding amino acid. The original amino acid is converted to α-keto acid.

Types of aminotransferases

A variety of aminotransferases, in addition to lysine, threonine, the other α-amino acids can participate in transamination and have their own specific aminotransferase. Among them, alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) is the most important. The former catalyzes transamination between glutamic acid and pyruvic acid, which catalyzes the transamination between glutamic acid and oxaloacetate. Theaminotransferase-catalyzed reactions are all reversible. Aminotransferases can be divided into three categories according to the different substrates. L-a-amino acids (ketoacetic aminotransferases), omega-amino acids (ketoacetic aminotransferases) and D-amino acid aminotransferases. The backbone of the aminotransferase is pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxamine phosphate, both in the transamination reaction can be transformed.

The most active aminotransferases in higher animal tissues are glutamate: oxaloacetate aminotransferase (GOT) and glutamate: pyruvateaminotransferase (GPT).

GOT to the heart of the most active, followed by the liver; GPT Zeyi the liver in the most vigorous, when the liver cell membrane rupture injury, alanine aminotransferase GPT released into the blood, so the blood enzyme activity increased significantly. In the clinical determination ofaminotransferase activity in the blood can be used as a diagnostic indicator. Such as the determination of GPT activity can be diagnosed liver function normal or not, acute hepatitis patients serum GPT activity can be significantly higher than the normal; and determination of GOT activity is helpful to the diagnosis of heart disease, myocardial infarction GOT activity in serum rise.

The role of aminotransferase

The enzyme is a "barometer" of the liver, and the liver cell is the main living place of the aminotransferase. When the liver cell inflammation, poisoning, necrosis and so on Will cause liver cell damage,aminotransferase will be released into the blood, the serumaminotransferase increased.

Liver damage

There are many aminotransferases in the human body, clinically by blood tests to detect liver function of aminotransferases are two, one called alanine aminotransferase (ALT); the other called aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Aspartate aminotransferase ALT and AST mainly in the liver cells, other organs such as kidney, heart, pancreas, muscle, spleen, gallbladder, lung also contains a certain amount of ALT and AST. ALT exists mainly in the cytoplasm, AST is mainly present in the cytoplasm of the mitochondria. When the cell damage (such as hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, etc.), ALT first into the blood, when the cells are severely damaged, endanger mitochondria, AST will enter the blood. In addition, malnutrition, alcoholism, the application of certain drugs, fever, etc. can make a slight increase in aminotransferase. Physiological state, serumaminotransferase also has variation, such as strenuous activity, physical exercise, menstrual period, aminotransferase can also be temporarily increased.

Because ALT, AST mainly in the liver cells, when it is often prompted a significant increase in liver injury. Of course, cause liver damage for many reasons, such as liver trauma, acute and chronic inflammation of the liver, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, when found elevatedaminotransferase that do not panic, can not be taken lightly, should further trace the cause.

Generally believed that if the serum ALT value exceeds the normal upper limit of 2-3 times, and continued for more than two weeks, indicating the presence of liver and gallbladder disease may have to exclude alcohol, myocarditis, chemical poisoning, parasitic diseases; If the measured value exceeds the normal upper limit 20 times, indicating the presence of liver and gallbladder disease; at this time if associated with positive hepatitis virus markers, can diagnose hepatitis. The normal upper limit for ALT is 40 units, 2.5 times 100 units, and 20 times 800 units.

Acute hepatitis, ALT increased significantly, more than 500 units or more, or even 1000 units or more, and sometimes AST was significantly increased. Regardless of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, if the AST increase is equal to or greater than the ALT, that AST/ALT≥1, often shows serious liver cell injury, the condition is relatively heavy. Chronic hepatitis ALT increase rate is small, more than 300 units in the following.

Early symptoms

People often have a variety of misconceptions aminotransferase, elevated aminotransferase that is hepatitis; aminotransferaseabnormalities are infectious; aminotransferase levels and the degree of liver cell damage was proportional and so on. In fact, in many cases the normal level of aminotransferase or not, can not represent the liver function is good or bad simple aminotransferase high.

High early symptoms of aminotransferase? Some people think that highaminotransferase means hepatitis, high aminotransferase can not be determined to be viral hepatitis, hepatitis must be identified with the following three points must be established.

1, with hepatitis symptoms and signs (such as fever, tired of oil, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, poor appetite, liver swelling and pain, etc.) and clinical diagnosis (such as acute jaundice, chronic persistent type);

2, serum aminotransferase increased; etiological diagnosis (with anti-hepatitis A antibody is a type, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, e antigen and core antibody positive is B).

3, individual high aminotransferase alone, do not rule out the test before the result of excessive drinking, strenuous exercise, night shifts, colds or oral administration of certain drugs and other factors.

Reduce the aminotransferase method

1. Treatment of high alanine aminotransferase drugs mainly use traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredient extract. The above-mentioned various Chinese medicine ingredients have the effect of nourishing the kidney, detoxifying and dampness, and can be used for treating various kinds of chronic liver disease aminotransferase elevation. As long as the right medicine is used, the aminotransferase can be effectively controlled, and the effect of reducing enzyme is lasting and stable . Moreover, the fall in the withdrawal of traditional Chinese medicine in the withdrawal of the control of better than Western medicine.

2. Treatment of high alanine aminotransferase enzyme is only a temporary standard treatment, so, in the same time protecting the liver JiangMo, must be taken for the cause of "radical" measures. For example, the treatment of hepatitis B caused by high aminotransferase, the enzyme must also be anti-virus and immunomodulatory treatment, treating the symptoms in order to achieve the ultimate therapeutic purposes.