Description of Giardia lamblia

Giardia lamblia Stiles referred to as Giardia. Parasitic human small intestine, gallbladder mainly in the duodenum, can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea and poor absorption and other symptoms, to giardiasis, one of the common intestinal infection of the human body. Blue Giardia is distributed throughout the world. Blue Giardia infection in patients with asymptomatic insects were mostly. The incubation period is more than two weeks, or even up to several months. Clinical symptoms vary depending on the site of the lesion, the surface of a variety of symptoms are also different severity, or asymptomatic, may also cause intermittent abdominal flatulence until chronic malabsorption and other clinical manifestations.

Parasitic history of Giardia lamblia

Mature quadruple cysts is the infection period, cysts with contaminated food and drinking water into the body, in the duodenal cuff formation of two trophozoites. Trophozoites mainly parasitic in the human duodenum, and sometimes in the gallbladder, by sucking-like lacuna adsorption of intestinal wall, camp two split breeding. If the trophozoites fall into the intestine and with the food to reach the lower ileum or colon cavity, the formation of cysts, with the feces. Usually in the normal hardness of the feces can only find cysts. Trophozoites can be found in diarrhea feces. Cysts in the outside world strong resistance, for the transmission phase. It is estimated that a diarrhea in the dung can be more than 14 billion, a normal feces can be capsule 900 million.

The epidemic of Giardia lamblia

Blue Giardia is prevalent throughout the world, with tropical and subtropical most.

People are the main source of infection, especially those who carry cysts, often one person with cysts infected. The cysts are the main part of the spread, and people are infected by swallowing the water and food contaminated by the cysts. The encapsulation is strong in the outside, and the capsule wall is cleaved by the transmission electron microscopy of the frozen etch complex method, which shows that the encapsulation structure of the capsule wall is more than that of the membrane. Self-protection. The capsule can survive for 3 weeks in moist feces and can survive for 5 weeks in water. It can also be used for 2-3 days after chlorinated disinfection, but it is easy to die at 50 ° C or in a dry environment. Encapsulated in the flies digestive tract can live 24 hours, in the cockroach digestive tract within 12 days is still alive. As the large number of cysts in the feces, in the external environment, strong resistance, simple way of infection, so the epidemic spread widely. It has been reported that otters can be found in the United States, and found that cattle, horses, sheep, wolves and dogs also have this insect, in epidemiology may have a certain significance, should be taken seriously.

Pathogenicity of Giardia lamblia

Over the years by clinical observation, pathology and immunology and epidemiological investigation and study, has confirmed that the insects have pathogenicity. After the body infected with Giardia, no clinical symptoms were called insects. The main symptoms of this disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, vomiting, fever and anorexia, etc., typical patients with diarrhea mainly malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea was watery stool, large, bad, no pus and blood. Children can be due to diarrhea, causing anemia and other malnutrition, resulting in slow growth. If not timely treatment, and more development for the chronic, manifested as cyclical thin stools, recurrent, stool even smelly, the course can be up to several years.

When the parasite in the biliary system, may cause cholecystitis or cholangitis. Such as epigastric pain, loss of appetite, hepatomegaly and fat metabolism disorders. The pathogenesis of Giardia is not entirely clear. It is generally believed that the incidence of the disease is related to various factors such as virulence, organism response and symbiotic environment. Insects mechanical barrier, nutritional competition, trophozoites through the sucker adsorption on the intestinal mucosa in favor of stimulation and injury, intestinal bacteria synergies, in varying degrees can make bowel dysfunction. In particular, the immune status of the host is an important factor in the severity of clinical symptoms, such as low gamma globulinemia and immune dysfunction or AIDS patients, are prone to serious infection.

Diagnosis of Giardia lamblia

Pathogen diagnosis: ⑴ fecal examination with saline smear method to check the trophozoites, iodine stained smear examination cysts can also be used formaldehyde ether precipitation or zinc sulfate concentration method to check the capsule. Usually in the formation of feces to check the cyst, and in the water samples of the feces to find trophozoites. As the formation of cysts with intermittent characteristics, so check the next day with fecal investigation and more than 3 times is appropriate.

⑵ duodenal fluid or bile to check the stool multiple times can be used this method to improve the positive detection rate.

A intestinal capsule capsule method to allow the subjects to swallow the nylon line with the capsule, the free end of the line to stay outside the mouth, the capsule dissolved, the nylon line release stretch, 3 to 4 hours after the arrival of duodenum and jejunum, nourish Body attached to the nylon line, and then slowly pull out the nylon line, scraping attached to the microscopic examination.

Immunological diagnosis: for the auxiliary diagnosis, mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent antibody test and convective immunoelectrophoresis and other methods, which ELISA is simple, high detection rate (92%~98.7%) And other characteristics, suitable for epidemiological investigation.

Prevention and cure of Giardia lamblia

Treatment of blue Giardia caused by the blue Giardia Giardia common drugs are metronidazole, albendazole, aldazole and so on. In recent years, praziquantel 60mg/kg for 2 days is also effective. Completely cure patients, with insects, pay attention to food hygiene, to strengthen water conservation is an important measure to prevent the disease. The drinker's drinking should be boiled and consumed.

Blue Giardia caused by the blue Giardia Giardia more stubborn, with antibiotic treatment is invalid.