Human Eosinophil derived neurotoxin is a protein which is a formed from eosinophil granule. Eosinophil Derived neurotoxin induces dendritic cell migration and maturation. Eosinophil derived neurotoxin also has antiviral and ribonuclease activities. Eosinophil derived neurotoxin belongs to the RNase A superfamily which mediates the production of placental epithelial cells and human eosinophils. Eosinophil derived neurotoxin also reduces the infection process of respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. This protein is also responsible for anti HIV activity which was observed in the cultures of mixed lymphocytes. Thus, providing an evidence of eosinophil derived neurotoxins as Anti-microbial proteins.

Human eosinophil derived neurotoxin is chemotactic for dendritic cells. None of the other leukocytes were chemotactic to eosinophil derived neurotoxin. Importance of N-terminal region of m EAR2 region was demonstrated through mutational and sequence analysis. This region is responsible for mediation of chemotactic effect on the dendritic cells. Injecting m EAR2 in air pouches of mice also resulted in dendritic cell recruitment. Eosinophil derived neurotoxin has similar neurotoxic, antiviral and biochemical properties to eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) but due to its low charge properties, they are easily recoverable unlike ECP.  Eosinophil derived neurotoxin has also been associated with asthma. Higher concentrations of eosinophil derived neurotoxin were noted in patients with asthma. Eosinophil derived neurotoxins levels are an accurate biomarkers used for analysing underlying asthma pathophysiology along with measurable eosinophil secretory activity. They are also more stable in serum. Eosinophil derived neurotoxins have shown to be a good tool for monitoring asthma in children along with other allergic diseases. This is a great option as a tool for children who are unable to perform lung functioning test. It is also useful in measurement of eosinophilic inflammation. Asthma and allergic diseases can be easily diagnosed by using eosinophil derived neurotoxin as a biomarker.