Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 also known as Heparin- binding growth factor 1 is expressed as protein encoded by gene FGF1.  This protein belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and possess cell survival and mitogenic activities. FGF-1 and FGF2 are the protein members with acidic and basic properties respectively. Fibroblast growth factor is involved in cell growth, embryonic development, tissue repair, and tumour growth. FGF1 is a growth factor is a single-chain polypeptide and helps in the wound healing process. It is also responsible for angiogenesis or blood vessels induction. The protein Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 binds to heparin and provides protection from proteolysis. Fibroblast growth factor is a very powerful inducer of DNA synthesis in many types of cells.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 is also generated by cancer cells and also might play a role in fibrotic response in cases of injury to the tissues. Some studies have also studied the role of FGF1 expression in inflammatory responses. The mechanism of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 secretion is unknown and the FGF1 mRNA structure along with its translation product are minimally complicated amongst the different family members of FGF. FGF 1 is also known to have an effect on diabetes condition. Mice when subjected to high fat diet and devoid of FGF1 developed diabetes in them. Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 single dose to mice with diabetes showed a quick reduction in blood sugar levels to normal and retained it for more than 48 hours of time. The subjection of FGF1 helped in restoring the body’s insulin regulation and levels of blood sugar with no additional side effects like weight gain, liver problems etc. which is observed with other agents used against diabetes. This mechanism is still to be understood and could be a great breakthrough in the field if similar results are observed in human clinical trials.